OSI Model For HPSSC JOA IT Exam 

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Open System interconnection (OSI) is a standard reference model for communication between two end-user in a network. In 1983, the International Standard Organisation (iso) Published a document called Basic Reference Model for Open System Interconnection, which visualizes network protocols as a seven-layered Model.

OSI is a layered framework for the design of a network system that allows communication between all types of computer systems. It mainly consists of seven layers of a network.

Seven-layer of OSI Model and their Function

Physical Layer [Signal-cable or operated by repeater]-: Make and break connections, define voltages and data rates, convert data bits into an electrical signal. Decide whether the transmission is simplex or full-duplex.

Data Link Layer [Media Access Control (MAC) switches]-: Synchronisation, error detection, and correction. To assemble outgoing messages into frames

Network Layer [Internet Protocol (IP) routers]-: Routing of the signals, dividing the outgoing message into packets, to act as a network controller for routing data

Transport Layer [Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Accurate Data]-: It decides whether transmission should be a parallel or single path, multiplexing, splitting, or segmenting the data, to break data into smaller units for efficient handling, packet filtering.

Session Layer [Establish and maintain Connection]-: To manage and synchronize conversation between two systems. It controls logging ON and OFF, user identification, billing, and session management.

Presentation Layer  [Data formatting]-: It works as a translating layer i.e encryption or decryption.

Application Layer [User-Interface]-: Retransferring files of information, login, Password checking, packet filtering, etc.